Problems 2 to 8

PROBLEM
2. PARTICIPLES

Note: Avoid using a past form instead of a participle with:

Have
Has
Had
Having

Having eaten and drunk too much the night before. He woke up with a headache.

PROBLEM
3. NECESSITY, USUALLY FOR REPAIR OR IMPROVEMENT (NEED)

SUBJECT+	NEED+	-ING FORM
This	paragraph needs	revising.

SUBJECT+	NEED+	TO BE+	PARTICIPLE
This	paragraph needs	to be	revised.

PROBLEM
4. ABILITY (KNOW)

SUBJECT+	KNOW+	NOUN
I	know	the answer.

SUBJECT+	KNOW+	HOW+	INFINITIVE
I	know	how	to answer the question.

PROBLEM
5. PAST CUSTOM

(DISCONTINUED PAST ACTION)

SUBJECT+	USED TO+	VERB WORD
He	used to	live in the country

(HABITUAL ACTION)

SUBJECT+	BE+	USED TO+	-ING FORM
	GET+
He	was	used to	living in the country.

PROBLEM
6. LOGICAL CONCLUSIONS (MUST)

SUBJECT+	MUST HAVE+	PARTICIPLE+	PAST TIME
My friend	must have	called	last night.

SUBJECT+	MUST BE+	-ING+	PRESENT TIME
My friend	must be	calling	now.

SUBJECT+	MUST +	VERB WORD+	REPEATED TIME
My friend	must	call	often.

PROBLEM
7. ADVISABILITY

SUBJECT+	HAD BETTER+	VERB WORD
You	had better	take chemistry 101 this semester.

SUBJECT+	HAD BETTER+	NOT +	VERB WORD
You	had better	not	take chemistry 101 this semester.

PROBLEM
8. QUESTION FORMS FOR INVITATION AND CUSTOMS

WOULD YOU LIKE +	INFINITIVE
Would you like	to watch the news today?

Note:

Remember that would like means “to want”. It is used in a question form for an invitation. A specific date such as today is usually included.
Avoid using “do” instead of “would” for invitations.

DO YOU LIKE +

INFINITIVE

Note:

Remember that “like” means to enjoy. It is used with do in question form for asking about customs. A word or phrase indicating habitual action such as every day is usually included.
Avoid using “would” instead of “do” for customs.